EXPERTS OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Hi, viewers! Thanks for stay tune my blog. Now, we will disscuss about expert of Discourse Analysis.I want to share to you many expert that focused in DA or Discourse Analysis. But, did you know what is Discourse Analysis?

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Discourse analysis explores how texts are made meaningful through these processes and also how they contribute to the constitution of social reality by making meaning. Now I want introduced expert of DA.

Okay, let’s start from the first expert. He is James Gee.

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1.      James Gee

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James Gee is an American reasearcher who has work in Discourse Analysis. Gee is Mary Lou Fulton Presidential Proffessor of Literacy Studies at Arizona State University. Gee born in April 15, 1948.

Furthermore, being able to function within a Discourse may carry advantages in different situations. For example, if a person is raised in a family of lawyers, the Discourses of politics or business may come very easily to that person. In the United States, those are all Discourses of power and they are closely related. Another person raised in a very different Discourse community might find himself or herself at a disadvantage when trying to move within the Discourse of business, trying to get a loan, for instance. One Discourse community is not inherently better than another; however, power within a society may be unequally represented within different Discourses.

Selected Works of Gee

• Discourses, Socially-Culturally Situated Educational Theory, and the Failure Problem
• Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses

Discourse, Analysis, Discourse Analysis

Hello guys!

Ever you hear about DISCOURSE??
Discourse is..........
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Yaps,discourse is the use of spoken or written language in a social context. In linguistics, discourse refers to a unit of language longer than a single sentence. This definition not completely if we dont related with experts. According to:

1. "The term discourse is also used to refer to meanings at the more macro level. This approach does not study the individual words spoken by people but the language used to describe aspects of the world, and has tended to be taken by those using a sociological perspective."

2. "Discourse in context may consist of only one or two words as in stop or no smoking. Alternatively, a piece of discourse can be hundreds of thousands of words in length, as some novels are. A typical piece of discourse is somewhere between these two extremes."

How about Analysis?? Yeah, analysis is familiar. But, what the definition of analysis?
Analysis is the kind of thinking you'll most often be asked to do in your work life and in school. In fact, one of the most common of our mental activity.

If we combine discourse and analysis, what is the fully definition? I mean definition of DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (: 

CHECK IT OUT!!
1.Discourse Analysis(DA), or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyze written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic event.
2.Discourse analysis is a broad term for the study of the ways in which language is used in text and context Also called discourse studie.
3.Discourse according to Foucault  is related to power as it operates by rules of exclusion. Discourse therefore is controlled by objects, what can be spoken of; ritual, where and how one may speak; and the privileged, who may speak. Coining the phrases power-knowledge. 
4.Discourse analysis is sometimes defined as the analysis of language 'beyond the sentence'. This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of modern linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar: the study of smaller bits of language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology), parts of words (morphology), meaning (semantics), and the order of words in sentences (syntax). Discourse analysts study larger chunks of language as they flow together.    
5.Discourse is written as well as spoken every utterance assuming the a speaker and a hearer as discourse.
6. Discourse studies, says Jan Renkema, refers to "the discipline devoted to the investigation of the relationship between form and function in verbal comunication." 
7. Discourse is  ways of constituting knowledge, together with the social practices, forms of subjectivity and power relations which inhere in such knowledges and relations between them.Discourses are more than ways of thinking and producing meaning. 
 8.Discourse is  a form of power that circulates in the social field and can attach to strategies of domination as well as those of resistance.
9.Discourse is the way in which language is used socially to convey broad historical meanings. It is  language identified by the social conditions of its use, by who is using it and under what conditions. Language can never be 'neutral' because it bridges our personal and social worlds.  
10.Discourse is a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative. 

Well, do you understand about DA?? I wish you can get the point. See you in the next post!!

 

Video Semantics

Collocation

Hy guys.. Well, you know what my topic now, right? Yes, that is Collocation. Lets study about Colocation!

A collocation is a combination of words that are commonly used together; the simplest way of describing collocations is to say that they ‘just sound right’ to native English speakers. Other combinations that may mean the same thing would seem ‘ unnatural’. Collocations include noun phrases like ‘ stiff wind’ and‘weapons of mass destruction’, phrasal verbs such as‘to get together’ and other stock phrases such as‘the rich and famous’

It is important to learn collocations, because they are important for the naturalisation of one’s speech. Besides, they broaden one’s scope for expression.

The term collocation (from the Latin for "place together") was first used in its linguistic sense by British linguist John Rupert Firth (1890-1960), who famously observed, "You shall know a word by the company it keeps."

  Here is a list of collocations to help you get started:

1. Collocations starting with the verb ‘do’

- Do me a favour
- Do the cooking
- Do the housework

2. Collocations with the verb ‘have’
- Have a bath
- Have a drink

3. Collocations with the verb ‘take’

- Take a break
- Take a chance
- Take a look

4. Collocations with the verb ‘make’

- Make a difference
- Make a mess
- Make a mistake

Thank you for, reader. If I have mistake when I write this blog. Please comment. Thank you. 

Source:

http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/collocationterm.htm

http://www.englishleap.com/vocabulary/collocations

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Proverb

Hi guys! Welcome to my blog again. Now I will explain to you about......



WHAT IS PROVERB??

       Proverb is a simple and concrete saying. Expresses a truth bassed on common sense or experience.
      Other defenition of proverb: The defenition of a proverb is a short saying that is widely used to express an obvious truth.

      We can see example of proverb:
1. Practice makes perfect.
2. Honesty is the best policy.
3. Good things come to those who wait.

*First of all, proverb had and still have a didactic function. By using them, we wish to teach people, give them some advice.
*Secondly, proverb are very oftem used in personal interaction.

Another example:
"Actions speak louder thank words" , means that "What you do is more important than what you say."

Thank you. I hope my explanation can make you more comprehend about "Proverb". 😁😁 See you again🙌🙌

Metonymy and Synecdoche

Welcome to my blog! Now, I will explain to you about Metonymy and Synecdoche. 

1.      Metonymy

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etonymy is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. We can come across examples of metonymy both from literature and in everyday life. Metonymy is often confused with another figure of speech called synecdoche. They resemble each other but are not the same. Synecdoche refers to a thing by the name of one of its parts. For example, calling a car “a wheel” is a synecdoche. A part of a car i.e. “a wheel” stands for the whole car. In a metonymy, on the other hand, the word we use to describe another thing is closely linked to that particular thing, but is not a part of it. For example, “Crown” which means power or authority is a metonymy. Metonymy, however, develops relation on the grounds of close associations as in “The White House is concerned about terrorism.” The White House here represents the people who work in it.

Here are some examples of metonymy:

• Crown. (For the power of a king.)
• The White House. (Referring to the American administration.)
• Dish. (To refer an entire plate of food.)
• The Pentagon. (For the Department of Defense and the offices of the U.S. Armed Forces.)
• Pen. (For the written word.)
• Sword - (For military force.)
• Hollywood. (For US Cinema.)
• Hand. (For help.)

2.      Synecdoche

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ynecdoche, like metonymy, is the replacement of a phrase with an associated phrase. Specifically, though, a part replaces a whole or a whole replaces a part. Synecdoche is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.

Synecdoche may also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice versa. It may also call a thing by the name of the material it is made of or it may refer to a thing in a container or packing by the name of that container or packing.

There are two key types of synecdoche: microcosm and macrocosm:

-          Microcosm is the phrase for synecdoche in which a smaller part signifies a larger whole.

-          Macrocosm, on the other hand, is the phrase for synecdoche in which a larger whole signifies a smaller collection of parts.

Example of synecdoche:

A boy has been admitted to the hospital. The nurse says, “He’s in good hands.”

The boy is not literally being taken care of by two hands. Rather, he is being taken care of by an entire hospital system, including nurses, assistants, doctors, and many others. This is an example of microcosmic synecdoche, as a part signifies a whole.

Thanks to:

http://literarydevices.net/metonymy/

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/writing-metonymy.php

http://literaryterms.net/synecdoche/